![]() ![]() They fought mostly in the pro-Republican International Brigades, which also included several thousand exiles from pro-Nationalist regimes. Despite this policy, tens of thousands of citizens from non-interventionist countries directly participated in the conflict. Other countries, such as the United Kingdom, the France, and the United States, continued to recognise the Republican government but followed an official policy of non-intervention. The Nationalist forces received munitions, soldiers, and air support from Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany, while the Republican side received support from the Soviet Union and Mexico. The Nationalists and the Republican government fought for control of the country. This left Spain militarily and politically divided. However, rebelling units in almost all important cities-such as Madrid, Barcelona, Valencia, Bilbao, and Málaga-did not gain control, and those cities remained under the control of the government. The coup was supported by military units in Morocco, Pamplona, Burgos, Zaragoza, Valladolid, Cádiz, Córdoba, and Seville. After the deaths of Sanjurjo, Emilio Mola and Manuel Goded Llopis, Franco emerged as the remaining leader of the Nationalist side. The Nationalist group was supported by a number of conservative groups, including CEDA, monarchists, including both the opposing Alfonsists and the religious conservative Carlists, and the Falange Española de las JONS, a fascist political party. The government at the time was a coalition of Republicans, supported in the Cortes by communist and socialist parties, under the leadership of centre-left President Manuel Azaña. The war began after a pronunciamiento (a declaration of military opposition, of revolt) against the Republican government by a group of generals of the Spanish Republican Armed Forces, with General Emilio Mola as the primary planner and leader and having General José Sanjurjo as a figurehead. The Nationalists won the war, which ended in early 1939, and ruled Spain until Franco's death in November 1975. ambassador to Spain during the war, it was the " dress rehearsal" for World War II. Due to the international political climate at the time, the war had many facets and was variously viewed as class struggle, a religious struggle, a struggle between dictatorship and republican democracy, between revolution and counterrevolution, and between fascism and communism. The opposing Nationalists were an alliance of Falangists, monarchists, conservatives, and traditionalists led by a military junta among whom General Francisco Franco quickly achieved a preponderant role. Republicans were loyal to the left-leaning Popular Front government of the Second Spanish Republic, and consisted of various socialist, communist, separatist, anarchist, and republican parties, some of which had opposed the government in the pre-war period. The Spanish Civil War ( Spanish: Guerra Civil Española) was a civil war in Spain fought from 1936 to 1939 between the Republicans and the Nationalists. Soviet–British–French Moscow negotiations Apr.–Aug.Final offensive of the Spanish Civil War Mar.–Apr.Hungarian invasion of Carpatho-Ukraine Mar.German occupation of Czechoslovakia Mar. ![]() Undeclared German–Czechoslovak War Sep.Soviet–Czechoslovakia Treaty of Mutual Assistance 1935.Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance 1935.German–Polish declaration of non-aggression 1934.Santuario de Nuestra Señora de la Cabeza. ![]()
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